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Nobel Prize, which is being awarded since the year of
1901 , is being delivered to individuals for achievements in medicine,
physics and chemistry as well as for literature and peace. Recognition
of the economy does not belong to strictly Corps Nobel Prize because it
was founded in 1968 with in the decision of the Swedish Central Bank.
All of the awards are being presented in Stockholm, except award for
peace, which, at the request of a Nobel Prize, is being presented in the
Norwegian capital Oslo. Although each of the laureate receive a diploma,
gold medal and a check for 10 million kronor (1.5 million), several
studies have shown that the award winner, as well as companies and
universities with in which it cooperates, receive a lot more, according
to the experts in all financial circles known for the the Nobel Prize.
Since 1901. the Nobel Prize was given to 817 individuals and 23
organizations. Only 41 women won the award. The oldest winner of the
Nobel Prize is an American of Russian origin Leonid Hurvic who was 90
years old when he was handed the award for the economy. The youngest was
Briton Lawrence Bragg, who had 25 years , in 1915.,when he received the
physics prize.
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Three scientists have won this year’s Nobel Prize in medicine for their
contribution to research in the field of immunology. Half of the awards
were given to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann for discovery in
main mechanisms for activation of the immune system. Ralph M. Steinman
received the other half for the acquired immune system. The total amount
of the Nobel Prize was 1.08 million.
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This year’s Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the president of Liberia
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, the Liberian peace activist Leymah Gbowee and
Yemeni womens rights activist, Tawakkul Karman. Norwegian Nobel
Committee announced the names in Oslo, saying that they were awarded
prizes for their “non-violent struggle for security and rights of
women.” 72-year-old Ellen Johnson Sirleaf , in 2005., became the first
democratically elected woman president of an African state. The Nobel
committee praised her appreciation for its efforts to consolidate peace,
promote development of economy and society and strengthen the position
of women. 39-year-old Leymah Gbowee, also from Liberia, contributed to
ending the civil war by encouraging the Christian and Muslim women to
participate in a series of nonviolent protests and sitting
demonstrations. 32-year-old activist and journalist Tawakkul Karman paid
tribute to because, as she said, “one of the leading role in the fight
for women’s rights, democracy and peace” in Yemen.
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Nobel Prize for Literature in 2011. year was awarded to a writer, poet
and translator Thomas Transtromer from Sweden. Transtromer Thomas was
born in Stockholm in the year of 1931. He graduated in psychology . The
first collection of poems was published in the year of 1954. His poems
have been translated into 50 languages.
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Nobel Prize in 2011 for Physics was awarded to three American
astrophysicist Saul Perlmutter (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA), Brian P. Schmidt
(Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia) and Adam G.
Riess (Johns Hopkins University and Space Telescope Science Institute,
Baltimore, MD, USA). Three scientists have won the Nobel Prize in
Physics for the discovery of accelerating universe by observing
supernovae. Saul Perlmutter received one half of the award and the other
half was shared by Brian P. Schmidt and G. Adam Riess.
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Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011. was awarded to the Israeli scholar Daniel
Shehtman for the discovery of quasi-crystals, announced the Nobel
committee in Stockholm. On 8 April 1982. Shehtman discovered crystals,
“in which atoms were composed in a unique model,” which is contrary to
the laws of nature, according to a statement of the Committee. This
discovery called quasi-crystals coincides with the “fascinating mosaics
of the Arab world, which are reproduced in nuclear row: correct form
that is never repeated.” Shehtman was born in 1941. in Tel-Aviv and he
is a professor at the Institute of Technology in Haifa.
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Americans Thomas Sargent and Christopher Sims are the winners of this
year’s Nobel Prize in Economics – for study of the relationship of
government policies and the economy. The prize was awarded for
“empirical research into the causes and consequences of the macro
economy.” Committee noted that the award winners have developed methods
concerning issues such as the impact of the temporary increase in
interest rates or tax cuts on economic growth and inflation.
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