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The
northeastern corner of the US state of Oklahoma was once the most
productive lead and zinc mining areas of the world. The metals were
discovered here in 1914, just in time for the increased demands for
ammunitions created by the First World War.
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Soon there were hundreds of mines and thousands of people toiled under
the ground working for the Picher Lead Company. The town of Picher,
along with the nearby towns of Cardin and Treece in Kansas developed
overnight.
At its peak, Picher’ mills processed nearly 5,000 tons of raw ore a day.
They crushed the ore into fine grains and melted it in giant smelter to
filter away the impurities.
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Only a fraction of the melted ore produced actual valuable minerals. The
useless residue, contaminated with toxic metals, were piled up outside
the mines until it created a 7,000-acre ridge containing 70 million tons
of mine tailings, and 36 million tons of mill sand and sludge.
This fine-grained mine tailings known as chat, blew all over the town
and people breathed them in. When it rained, the runoff from the chat
piles got into the local water supply.
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In the 1980s, the government launched a cleanup operation to make Picher
livable again, but even in the mid-90s, close to two-third of Picher’s
children were still suffering from lead poisoning.
In 2006, the Army Corps of Engineers discovered that the town was
severely undermined by massive voids that could collapse at any moment.
Based on this report, the government gave its final verdict: Picher was
to be evacuated.
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The final blow came in 2008, when a tornado ripped across the town
killing eight people and causing extensive damage. Rebuilding Picher was
now out of question. The only option left was to leave it behind.
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