Abstract:
Background:
Gender discrimination between males and females results in unequal treatment in Pakistan. The offensive defense of women against males has free will according to the constitutional article of 1973, article no. 19, which gives freedom of speech to women. The purpose behind this article is to access feminist theory and reject the ideology of patriarchy, which has been inclusively constructed by culture and society. The role of this article is to empower women in Pakistan.
METHODS:
A distinct phase was approached to study the systematic review for analyzing the deconstruction between different genders. In the first phase, themes of gender discrimination arose. In the second phase, the qualitative perspective of each gender became themes of exploration. In the third phase, qualitative interviews were conducted with married women and men to realize gender discrimination through distinct methods, for instance, health care professionals (HCPs), lady health visitors (LHVs), and community midwives (CMWs). The qualitative interviews were analyzed both manually and electronically through QSR NVivo 10. These essential methods brought significant evaluation of themes, which thoroughly provided solution methods for gender discrimination after serving in Pakistan.
RESULTS:
After conducting qualitative interviews, six significant themes were identified from systematic reviews in Pakistan. Primarily, the status of women in Pakistan compared with male dominance, the second theme was gender inequality in health, the third theme was gender inequality in education, the fourth theme was gender inequality in employment, the fifth theme was gender-based social norms and cultural practices, and last but not least, the sixth theme was micro and macro-level recommendations under the umbrella of gender discrimination. When interviews were conducted with women and men, major issues arose from women compared to men. They lack identification, women empowerment, and they can't achieve self-actualization, self-protection unless they get married. Men treat their wives as the property of the husband; moreover, men are viewed as dominant figures in women's lives. Gender discrimination highly shows threatening violations from the women's side compared to men in Pakistan. In many aspects, women suffer from many things, for instance, in education perspectives, health care resources, job employment, freedom of speech, social norms, and cultural identity.
CONCLUSION:
Gender discrimination in Pakistan is deeply rooted and caused by a patriarchal society. In the dominance of men, if men have occupied a well-known status in society, women have equal rights to achieve an overwhelming status through legal rights, freedom of speech, and equal opportunities in education, health, etc. The systematic policy of Pakistan must empower the social status of women, leading to less gender discrimination in Pakistan.