“Our Prophet, Muhammad ('alaihi
's-salâm), was born in Mekka on the Monday morning of Rabî' al-awwal 12, which
coincided with April 20, 571 (mîlâdî). He passed away in Medina in the 11th year
of the Hegira (m. 632). At the age 40, the angel called Jabrâ'il ('alaihi 's-salâm)
revealed to him his prophethood. He emigrated (hijra) from Mekka to Medina in
622; his arrival at the Kubâ village near Medina on Monday, September 20, marks
the beginning of the Muslims' Hijrî Shamsî (solar) calendar, while Muharram 1 of
the same year marks the beginning of the Qamarî (lunar) calendar. The Persian
Shamsî year begins six months before this, that is, on the twentieth of March,
which is the day of the Magian festival.”
Reference: The Sunni Path, page 8 and 9
Note: Western Calendar (January-December) is called Gregorian and Miladi
Calendar. It has been started from the Era of Prophet Hadhrat Eesa (Jesus) peace
be upon him. It is also called Christian calendar and Eeswi calendar. This
calendar is used in both ways Solar and Lunar. Christians observe
Christmas-Birthday of Hadhrat Eesa (Jesus) peace be upon him according to solar
cycle but they celebrate Easter according to lunar cycle. Islamic Calendar has
been started from the time of the Migration (Hijrat) of Holy Prophet Muhammad
peace and blessing be upon him according to Gregorian calendar it was year of
622, Islamic lunar calendar is eleven days shorter than the Gregorian calendar
used in the Western world. In the international Gregorian calendar, the dates
vary from year to year, drifting approximately 11 days earlier each year.
After the death of Holy Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him (Muslims believe that
Prophets are alive in their graves) on 12th of Rabi-al-awwal 11 Hijri according
to June 632, First Khalifa (King) of Islam and Muslims was Hadhrat Abu Baker
siddeeq Radi-yallahu-anhu (Father-in-Law of Holy Prophet), he was elected by the
Companions of Holy Prophet. Hadhrat Abu Baker Siddeeq passed away on 22nd
Jamadi-al-Sani in 13 Hijri/23rd of August 634. He made his Successor Hadhrat
Omar (Father-in-Law of Holy Prophet) before his death. Total age of the Hadhrat
Abu Baker was 63 years.
Second Khalifa Hadhrat Omar Radi-yallahu-anhu ruled there 10 years till Zil-Hajj
23 Hijri. He was injured by a killer. He announced a committee to elect next
Khalifa. Hadhrat Omar Martyred in age of 63 years on 1st of Muharram 24 Hijri/
11th of November, 644.
Third Khalifa Hadhrat Usman عُثْمَان was elected by that Committee. He was
Son-in-Law of Holy Prophet, two of the Daughters of Prophet were married with
him one after another, Firstly Hadhrat Ruqayya died, and then he was married
with Hadhrat Umm-e-Kalsoom. Hadhrat Usman عُثْمَان got married with Hadhrat
Ruqqaya in city of Mecca. She died after migration to Medina in 2nd Hijri.
Hadhrat Umme-Kalsoom died in 9th Hijri. Hadhrat Usman increased and developed
Masjid-al-Haraam (situated in Mecca) in 26th Hijri and Masjid-al-Nabawi
(Situated in Medina) in 29th of Hijri. Hadhrat Usman عُثْمَان was assassinated
on 18th Zil-Hajj in 35 Hijri/ 20th of June 656.
Note: Holy Prophet Hadhrat حَضْرَتْ Muhammad had 4 daughters and 3 sons, three
of the sons died in their childhood.
Note: A Muslim man is allowed to marry four women at a time, but there should
not be two sisters as his wives at a time, he can adopt second after death of
first.
And forth Khalifa was Hadhrat Ali (Cousin and Son-in-Law of Holy Prophet).
YoungestDaughter of Holy Prophet Hadhrat Fatima فَاطِمَہْ حَضْرَتْ was married
with Hadhrat Ali in 2nd Hijri. They had two Sons, Hadhrat Hasn (حَسْن) and
Hadhrat (حُسَیْن) Husain. Imam Hasn was born in 3rd Hijri and Imam Husayn was
born in 4th Hijri. Hadhrat Ali Ruled from 35 to 40 Hijri and he was assassinated
on the day of 21st of Ramadan.
After the assassination of Hadhrat حَضْرَتْ Ali, people of Koofa accepted
Hadhrat Imam Hasn as Khalifa and after 6 months Hadhrat Imam Hassan handed over
whole kingdom to Hadhrat حَضْرَتْ Mua’wia in Rabi-al-awwal 41st Hijri on a
conditioned agreement.
Hadhrat Mua’wia also was one of the companions of Holy Prophet. He ruled 20
years from 40 to 60 Hijri as a king. He had been Governor of Syria before being
a king since 20 years (Syria was a province/state of Great Islamic Kingdom
Khilaafat خِلَافَتْ at that time). He died in month of Rajab in 60 Hijri.
After the death of Hadhrat Mua’wia his son Yazid was appointed as a king
according to his will. Yazid was a bad person and a bad sinner. Yazid was born
in Era of Hadhrat Usman in 25th of Hijri. Name of his mother was Maisoon.
Hadhrat Husain refused to accept him (Yazid) as Muslim King. Hadhrat Husain
received a lot of Letters from people of the city of Koofa (in Iraq). People of
Koofa wanted to see him as a Muslim Khalifa. Hadhrat Imam Husain travelled from
Medina to Mecca on 4th Sha’abaan in 60th of Hijri.
Hadhrat Nouman نُعْمَان bin Bashir, one of the companions of Holy Prophet was
Governor of Koofa at that time. Hadhrat Imam Husain sent Hadhrat Muslim bin
Aqeel (his two young sons Muhammad and Ibrahim were with him) to know the
current situation of Koofa. Hadhrat Muslim bin Aqeel wrote a letter to Hadhrat
Imam Husain that people of Koofa loved him so much and were ready to accept him
as a Khalifa of Muslims.
Meanwhile Governor of Koofa was changed by Yazid. Name of new Governor was
Abdullah bin Ziyaad. He announced there in Koofa to favor Yazid. He declared
that if someone would favor Hadhrat Imam Husain he would be punished. Hadhrat
Muslim bin Aqeel and his sons were killed (martyred) there in Koofa by new
Governor Ibne-Ziyad. On the same day Hadhrat Imam Husain left for Koofa. People
who met Hadhrat Imam Husain in his way they told him that people of Koofa Loved
to him but they were standing with Banu Umayyad (Yazid) if any mishap. They
suggested him to do not travel to Koofa.
On 10th of Muharram 61 Hijri on the land of Iraq (Karbala desert), army of Yazid
Killed Hadhrat Husain including many of his family members and his friends
there. It was first month Muharram of 61 Hijri year which coincided with 680 AD.
Muslims has been cursing on Yazid and they do so still from that incident.
Muslims Loved and they love still the name of Hadhrat Husain (Grand-son of Holy
Prophet).