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1st. Phase
Pakistan came in to existence in 1947 and after 11 years came the 1st.
phase of a country to enable its people better living and as a nation
having a balanced Foreign Policy. Muhammad Ayub Khan, widely known as
Ayub Khan, was the President of Pakistan from 1958 to 1969. Ayub Khan
assumed power through using the extant government's power to assume
political control of a country in 1958 and became the country's first
Chief Martial Law Administrator. He resigned in 1969. Ayub's practically
declared policy was an alliance with the United States during the Cold
War, joining CENTO, and allowing the U.S. and Britain access to
facilities inside Pakistan, most notably the airbase outside of
Peshawar, from which U-2 intelligence flights over the Soviet Union were
launched. He also strengthened military ties with neighboring China,
while relations deteriorated with the Soviet Union and India. There was
the five-week war in 1965 with India, ending in a United
Nations-mandated ceasefire. Domestically, Ayub embraced private-sector
industrialization and free-market principles, making the country one of
Asia's fastest-growing economies. He built several infrastructure
projects, including canals, dams and power stations, began Pakistan's
space program, and gave less priority to nuclear deterrence.
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At the beginning this phase was quite harshly active which brought a
rapid positive change and majority of the people were happy despite fear
of severe military measures because of the relief in daily utility
prices and elimination of polluted edible items. The working attitude
switched over to efficient one and overall productivity throughout the
country improved. But with the passage of time relaxed mindset started
popping up, a built-in feature of the nation unfortunately.
2nd. Phase
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was the ninth Prime Minister of Pakistan and its
fourth President. He founded the Pakistan People's Party and served as
its chairman until his execution in 1979. Educated at USC, UC Berkeley
and Oxford, Bhutto trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in London.
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Bhutto was handed the presidency in December 1971 and an emergency was
imposed. By July 1972, President Bhutto had recovered around 93,000
prisoners of war and 5,000 square miles of Indian-held territory after
signing the Simla Agreement with Indian premier Indira Gandhi. In
foreign affairs, he strengthened ties with Soviet Union, China and Saudi
Arabia, and recognized the sovereignty of Bangladesh. Domestically,
Bhutto's reign saw parliament unanimously approve a new constitution in
1973. He also played an integral role in initiating the atomic–bomb
program. His economic program was based on the nationalization of much
of Pakistan's fledgling industries, healthcare, and educational
institutions. On 5 July 1977, chief of army staff General Zia-ul-Haq
deposed Bhutto in a bloodless coup, and had the former Prime Minister
controversially tried and executed by the Supreme Court in 1979 for
authorizing the murder of a political opponent. Bhutto aided his
president in negotiating the Indus Water Treaty in India in 1960 and
next year negotiated an oil-exploration agreement with the Soviet Union,
which agreed to provide economic and technical aid to Pakistan. Bhutto
was a Pakistani nationalist and socialist, with particular views on the
type of democracy needed in Pakistan. On becoming foreign minister in
1963, his socialist viewpoint influenced him to embark on a close
relationship with neighboring China. His leadership style and his swift
rise to power brought him national prominence and popularity. Bhutto and
his staff visited Beijing and were warmly received by the Chinese, and
Bhutto greeted Mao Zedong with great respect. There, Bhutto helped Ayub
negotiate trade and military agreements with the Chinese regime, which
agreed to help Pakistan in several military and industrial projects.
The charter of the party was very appealing as below poverty level
majority was given assurance of providing food, clothing and housing and
the promised policy implemented to some extent which was sabotaged by
the opposition parties through fraudulent activities. Strict actions of
Mr. Bhutto against his own party workers resulted in a chaos.
3rd. Phase
General Raheel Sharif, NI, HI, is a four-star rank army general and the
current Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army, in office since 2013.
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As the Inspector General for Training and Evaluation, he enhanced the
military colleges in the country and provided unconventional training to
the troops. He also deals with the evaluation of military doctrines and
war strategies with a view to shaping future training programs. He
changed the army's focus more towards carrying out counter-insurgency
operations against Taliban militants.
Sharif has played an important role in convincing other senior officers
in the army that the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and assorted
militants inside Pakistan are as much of a threat as India. However,
Sharif stressed that all possible threats will be dealt with
accordingly, be it internally or externally. According to The Economist,
"Unlike his predecessors, General Sharif appears to see jihadists,
principally in the form of Pakistan’s own Taliban, as the country’s
greatest threat, and has sought the help of the Americans in countering
it. His commitment, devotion and loyalty have revived the respect, honor
and distorted image has quickly been reshaped as The Best Institution of
the country not only domestically but also being seen by the
international community as a whole. The nation gauges his bravery on top
and great hopes are being estimated thereby to regain best ever image of
the country.
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