A report issued by the
International AIDS Society — ‘Universal Access: Right Here, Right Now’ —
documents the principal debates around universal access during the XVIII
International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2010). The report also takes stock of
progress to date and reveals the scale of the future challenge for HIV treatment
and prevention at a time when new infections are outstripping those receiving
treatment by five to two.
While significant progress has been made towards achieving universal access to
HIV prevention, treatment and care, with a consistent increase in funding for
the AIDS sector between 2001 and 2008 resulting in an estimated 5.2 million
people receiving life-saving treatment by 2009, compared with only 500,000 in
2003, the IAS report reveals that the progress made in the sector is under
threat; the current economic challenges combined with a waning political will
and a flat-lining of resources are preventing the international community from
making universal access a reality.
AIDS 2010 took place in Vienna in July 2010 at a critical moment in the push for
expanded access to HIV services. Coinciding with the original 2010 deadline set
by world leaders for achieving universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and
care, the conference was an important platform for ensuring that the universal
access pledge remains on the global health agenda.
Dialogue on universal access during AIDS 2010 focused on two core issues:
securing the required resources from international donors and national
governments; and making more effective and efficient use of available resources.
A key theme among speakers was the challenging economic climate, with principal
donors including PEPFAR, the World Bank, UNITAID, and the Global Fund
experiencing funding reductions or failing to increase funding in line with
needs. The World Bank estimated that the cumulative effect of a diminished
scale-up effort over five years would be approximately ten million deaths and 14
million newly infected individuals.
The replenishment of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria was of major
concern to conference delegates, as political leaders and activists alike
advocated for the full replenishment of the Fund in the October 2010
Replenishment Meeting. Recognised by the international community as an effective
mechanism through which to disburse large amounts of resources rapidly, the
replenishment of the Global Fund is vital to reaching both the health related
MDGs and universal access by 2015. These concerns have since been proved right,
with donors pledging only US $11.7 billion earlier this month – less than the
lowest of the three financing scenarios envisaged by the Global Fund. This
amount will feasibly only allow for the continuation of funding of existing
programmes, with new programmes being funded at significantly lower levels than
in recent years.
The question of whether or not the international AIDS community should
concentrate on doing more with fewer resources, or whether it should continue to
advocate for increased resources to fight HIV and AIDS was heavily debated at
the conference, in particular in light of the new WHO treatment guidelines as
well as recent advances in prevention and treatment technologies. While the push
for greater efficiencies is imperative, there was unquestionable consensus that
efficiencies alone cannot make up for the large gap in needed resources.
“UNAIDS used AIDS 2010 to launch the new Treatment 2.0 platform which emphasizes
the prevention of new HIV infections in a way which is smarter, faster and
better. Treatment 2.0 is rooted in the notion that HIV infections can be cut by
up to one-third if there is a significant change in how ARVs are provided. This
means increased coverage, which in turn means more resources,” said IAS
President Elly Katabira. “Improved efficiencies are essential, however the scale
of current unmet need and the fact that an additional 30-50% of HIV-positive
people are eligible to start ART immediately under new WHO treatment guidelines,
means universal access cannot and will not be achieved without a substantial
increase in resources for AIDS. At this critical juncture in the international
AIDS response, we should not be talking about doing more with less, but doing
more with more.”
The report confirms that the HIV response has rapidly scaled up in recent years
as a result not only of increased bilateral and multilateral funding, but also
due to the reduction in the cost of treatment and the application of innovative
methods of prevention. Key stakeholders in the HIV response have also adapted to
the effective utilization of additional health-related platforms such as
maternal and child health and family planning. The progress and results that
have been achieved, while significant, remain below the targets for universal
access. Programme scale-up based on demonstrated good practice, programme
efficiency gains, and the continued call for increased resources to avert
millions of infections worldwide, are essential to ensure that Universal Access
to the prevention, care and treatment of HIV and AIDS will be a reality by 2015.