Brain Computer Interface

(simra ghazzal, Islamabad)

Executive Summary
Brain computer interface is basically an emerging technology that helps in developing collaboration between a device and brain through which it enables the complete and effective signals from the peripheral part of the brain in order to direct various activities that are external to the functionality of the brain such as prosthetic limb and cursor control. BCI provides the assistance to carry out a pathway for direct and effective communication between various surrounding objects and brain. Brain-computer interface is basically a communication method that is entirely based upon the activity of neurons that has been developed and produced by the brain and exhibits an independent output of peripheral pathways related to muscles and nerves. The activity of the neural part of the brain has been utilized in the entire process of brain computer interface that can help in recording different output by utilizing techniques that are non invasive or are invasive in nature. The basic aim behind the introduction of the brain computer interface is to provide a channel that is entirely new for producing the specific output from the human brain and for fulfilling the entire purpose, adaptive control that is voluntary in nature is being required by the user of the BCI.

Description
Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) in the modern era have become omnipresent. Devices which in other words are known as interfaces make use of keyboards and mouse to communicate with the computing devices on daily basis. The development needs are expanding day by day due to which Brain Computer Interfaces (HCIs) has been introduced which is basically a tool to be used where these old interfaces are not feasible. The developing field of direct Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) has broaden the form of functionality to HCI for those users who are not able to execute certain commands on their HCI devices using their muscular movements. Brain Computer Interfaces has given a new dimension to users as it has created a transmission channel for them for manoeuvring their desired commands thorough this interface (Vallabhaneni, 2003).

Analysis of technology use in business
The brain interface has been utilized extensively in various businesses and its vast application has been reported to be utilized in the field of Management Information System (MIS). It help in assistance of developing a web site that incorporates a user friendly feature and it has been reported to be as successful factor that provides a substantial support in developing and promoting the businesses specifically related to the web content. It is a newly advanced technology that a company wishes to adopt as it helps in engaging in various types of businesses related to e commerce in order to address general solutions to particular issues faced by variety of businesses, both technologically and strategically. Brain computer interface utilizes different sources of the internet and other technologies which are digital in nature for conducting various businesses in accordance with business to consumer and business to business issues (Southampton Management School). Communication restoration is one of the priorities that most businesses need to acknowledge in order to provide assistance to disable individuals. Various movements of the people are restored through the assistance of the business computer interface that is unable to have control over their motor abilities (Moore, 2003).

Despite of various advancement in the technological field and in various other industries related to services, the brain computer interfaces has been considered as one of the under researched and unexplored technology within the industry of the hospitality. Brain computer interface can help in minimizing the hurdles that come across between the recognition of employees and the guests regarding the level of accomplishment and the usage of the technology that is considered as user friendly in nature. Various different business dealing with the hotels, hospitality and restaurants have realized the increasing and emerging importance of the brain computer interface as an excessive amount of the strength that is highly competitive in nature and enhancement in the rate of the profitability is being ensured through the widespread use of the brain computer interface technology (Wei, 2012).

Benefits of BCI in companies
From the new and emerging technology of the brain computer interface, following benefits could be attained by a specific company (information Technology, 2009). These may include;
• It allows various paralyzed individuals who are working in organizations as employees to control and resolve a particular issue with the assistance of the prosthetic limbs signals provided by their mind through the assistance of brain computer interface.
• Visual images are being transmitted to the brain of a blind employee which ultimately allows them to see in an effective way and assist them in enhancing the level of their production at work place.
• Auditory data is being transmitted through the assistance of brain computer interface to the brain of the deaf individual who helps them in hearing the sounds.
• Mute person is allowed to display his thoughts through the assistance of the brain computer interface.
Risks
The utilization of the brain computer interface is an issue that is controversial in nature. There are different and enormous numbers of the benefits associated with its use but few risks are being experienced as well if the technology is not adopted. If the brain computer interface technology will not be adopted by the businesses, a decrease in the resolution, emotional monitoring, smell and sounds will occur that will substantially affects the activities of the businesses (Michael). Few risk associated with the ethical issues in case of brain computer interfaces arises which states that it is not permissible to make use of the brain computer interface while providing treatment to the patients when their information consent is not taken. This is considered as an essential issue with the individuals who have difficulty in the communication (Wilson). Different issues with possibility of the practical implementation will be lessened for exposure of the risks to the subjects who have direct collaboration and relation with the substrate choice, chip longevity, issues that are telemetry in nature, modulation of signal, strength and accuracy and software programming (Alpert).

Use of technology
Various different companies all around the globe are making use of the brain computer interfaces technology as it is considered as one of the essential element to assist the activities of mind. The technology is being utilized by companies such as g-tec medical engineering, emotive and neurogadget. All of the companies are making use of the interactive elements which are being embedded within the brain computer interface , these interfaces includes EPOC and EEG through which sensors are tuned and are converted into electrical signals within the mind of an individual in order to detect expressions, feelings and thoughts of the people. It is a multi channel and high resolution system which is supporting the entire advanced and new technology of brain computer interface. (emotive.com, Gtech Medical Engineering, Neurogadget). Technology is extensively used by various companies in order to enhance the productivity level of the organizations and firms. Various different risks and difficulties are being faced by the companies which are not meeting the define challenges of the brain computer interface.

Challenges
One of the important challenges faced by the companies is the greater level of the aspiration which is being required in order to obtain significant applications of clinical type. One of the biggest challenges faced by the brain computer interface is the practice that involves standard and a tedious application for providing the measurements that are accurate and up to date. Without the technology of the dry cap, the sessions related to the set up of brain computer interface are essentially difficult. The brain computer interface is considered as one of the essential technology which is facing the challenge to develop an effective communication between devices that exist external to the brain and the brain itself. Another challenge faced by the brain computer interface is to restore the essential and complete functionality that has been disabled by the disorders of neuromuscular part of the human body (Doud, 2011).

Comparison of key vendors
With respect to the hardware and software requirements of the brain computer interface, it cost about for almost $5000 to adopt for the complete package of the technology. It is used in various homes and organizations because of its ongoing and substantial support that is highly technical in nature. It has been widely accepted by various companies all around the world which shows that it has a greater level of the marketability.

Recommendations
Various recommendations with respect to the use of the brain computer interface include the complete training to the employees of the organization in order to deal with the complexity of the issues associated with its use. A high level of the training will ensure for the increased level of the productivity that will ultimately enhance the profitability of the firm. Its use should be legal to resolve the essential issues

simra ghazzal
About the Author: simra ghazzal Read More Articles by simra ghazzal: 5 Articles with 3529 viewsCurrently, no details found about the author. If you are the author of this Article, Please update or create your Profile here.