1. Rinsing the mouth
2. Sniffing water inside the nose
3. Ablution of the whole apparent body.
(Fatawa-e-Alamgiri, pp. 13, vol. 1)
Rinsing the Mouth
Taking a little water into mouth and then spitting it out quickly is not
sufficient. It is essential to pass water in mouth over every part, every cavity
from lips to the end of throat.
Water must reach the cavities behind the back teeth, gaps and roots of teeth,
all sides of the tongue and the brim of throat. If you do not have fast, you
should gargle as well (it is Sunnah to do so). If bits of betel nuts or fibres
of meat are stuck in the teeth, they must be removed. If there is a fear of harm
in case of removing them, removal is exempted. Prior to performing Ghusl, the
fibres of meat etc. were stuck in the teeth but the one bathing did not feel
them and, therefore, offered Salah having performed Ghusl without removing them;
later, he came to know that fibres of meat etc. were stuck in the teeth, it is
now Fard for him to remove them and pass water over there. The Salah offered is
valid. If a loose tooth has been fixed with some compound or fastened with wire
and water could not reach below compound or wire, it is exempted. (Bahar-e-Shariat,
pp. 316, vol. 1, Fatawa Razawiyyah, pp. 439-440, vol. 1) The thorough rinsing of
mouth is Fard once in Ghusl and such thorough rinsing three times is Sunnah in
Wudu.
Sniffing Water into the Nose
Quickly splashing a bit of water onto the tip of one’s nose is not sufficient;
it is essential to wash nose up to the end of soft bone i.e. up to the start of
hard bone. This can only be done by sniffing water upwards but remember, if even
a part equal to a hair tip is left unwashed, Ghusl will be invalid. If dried
mucus has accumulated inside the nose, it is Fard to remove it. It is Fard to
wash the nasal hairs. (Bahar-e-Shariat, pp. 316, vol. 1, Fatawa Razawiyyah, pp.
442-443, vol. 1)
Ablution of the Whole Apparent Body
It is obligatory to pass water on each and every part and down (soft fine hair)
of apparent body from hairs of the head up to soles of the feet. There are some
such body-organs which may remain unwashed, if special care is not taken, and
Ghusl will not be valid on this account either. (Bahar-e-Shariat, pp. 317, vol.
1)