The Basic Belief: Tauheed

(Muhammad Zeeshan Siddique, Karachi)

Dear readers! The Holy Qur'ân is the most hallowed book, full of majestic insight; and that escorts us to the true path. The excellenes of this sanctified scripture are so many that no book can hold the candle to this great, standout, encyclopedicly inclusive book. It not only teaches us the rulings set by the religon but also guides us that what our life in the world is supposed to be like. It prohibits us from what is called menace and in consequence shields us from being harmed even while living on this planet earth; above all, as a consequence, it facilitates us find the pathway leading to the Paradise.

Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ says in the Holy Qur'ân:
اِنَّ ہٰذَا الْقُرْاٰنَ یَہۡدِیۡ لِلَّتِیۡ ہِیَ اَقْوَمُ
Indeed this Qur’ân guides to the most Straight Path,

Exegesis writers elucidate that this blessed verse refers to the three subsequent facet of Muslim belief:
A. Tauĥĭd. (This refers to two major things:
i. His Lordship
ii. His attributes
And these two denote the paramount notion: Lord in Himself.
B. Believing in Messengers and Prophets sent by Allah عَزَّوَجَلّ .
C. Obeying their comamands.

The theological doctrine “Tauĥĭd” decoded as ''Monotheism'' is represented by means of the verses of the Holy Qur’ân:

اللہُ لَاۤ اِلٰہَ اِلَّا ہُوَۙ الْحَیُّ الْقَیُّوۡمُؕ
Allah - none is worthy of worship, except Him, He is Alive (eternally, on His own) and the Sustainer.

The primary component of the verse symbolizes to the Lordship of His and hence makes us comprehend the vitality of monotheism which is the means for one to get enriched with the remuneration from the Lord and is the message with which all the messengers were sent by Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ ; Sayyidunâ Nůĥ (May peace be upon him!) Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) Sayyidunâ Můsâ (May peace be upon him!) Sayyidunâ 'Issâ (May peace be upon him!) , Sayyidunâ Muĥammad Musţafa صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم and all spread the message of Tauĥĭd (monotheism).
How the message of Tauĥĭd (Monotheism) was proclaimed by Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm:
The exegesis writers of the Holy Qur’ân make the depiction of the anecdote concerning Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm in this delineation: Namrůd bin Kin'ân, who was dreadfully vicious and was the foremost sovereign who ever dressed in a crown, used to coerce people into worshipping him. In a copious huddle, astrologers and sorcerers that used to serve him as his courtiers, stood as his favorites. One night, Namrůd had a dream, “A star appears in the sky and it blurs the light of the sun, moon and other stars.” The foreshadowers and astrologers explicated what the dream proclaimed; they said, ‘A boy will be born who will finally lead you to undergo the downfall of your kingdom.’ Concerned, Namrůd ordered, ‘Any baby boy born in my city shall be slain.’ Thus, thousands of infants were killed. However, the Divine Destiny at last reaches its mark. Therefore, in the meantime, Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) took birth. Being in an irresistible fright of the king, mother of Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) put him out of sight in a cave located in the mountains, far-off. His mother used to come to the cave clandestinely so that she could feed him. There’s a dissension within the position the exegetes have. Some say that Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) stayed in the cave for seven years; while others have quoted a epoch of seventeen years.

In that era, people used to worship stars. One night Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) saw a planet (perhaps Jupiter or Venus); in a very elegant and eloquent manner he addressed people to promulgate the message, Tauĥĭd (monotheism), 'O people! Is this planet my Lord?' When that planet set, Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) said, 'I don’t love those who sink down.' After this, the radiant moon came out. Then he yet again said: 'Is this my Lord?' Later, when the moon also set, Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) said: 'If my Lord had not guided me, I’d have been among the transgressors too.' After the shining and glooming sun rose, Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) said, 'It is bigger than the others, but is this my Lord?' Nevertheless, when the sun also set, Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) said ‘O my people! I am fed up with all those things which you associate as a partner with Almighty Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ and I have submitted myself to Him who is the Creator of the heavens and the earth. Hence, I have become a worshipper and devotee of Him only and I am not among those who practice polytheism. After the people of his nation heard him saying this, they started to argue with him. Then Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) said, ‘You people fight with me in the matter of Almighty Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ? He is the One Who has guided me and I am not scared of your counterfeit gods at all. Listen! Without the will of my Almighty Lord, you and your gods cannot harm me. My Lord has knowledge of the whole lot; will you not follow my directives? The speech was revealed in such words:

فَلَمَّا جَنَّ عَلَیۡہِ الَّیۡلُ رَاٰکَوْکَبًا ۚ قَالَ ہٰذَا رَبِّیۡ ۚ فَلَمَّاۤ اَفَلَ قَالَ لَاۤ اُحِبُّ الۡاٰفِلِیۡنَ - فَلَمَّا رَاَ الْقَمَرَ بَازِغًا قَالَ ہٰذَا رَبِّیۡ ۚ فَلَمَّاۤ اَفَلَ قَالَ لَئِنۡ لَّمْ یَہۡدِنِیۡ رَبِّیۡ لَاَکُوۡنَنَّ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الضَّآلِّیۡنَ - فَلَمَّا رَاَ الشَّمْسَ بَازِغَۃً قَالَ ہٰذَا رَبِّیۡ ہٰذَاۤ اَکْبَرُ ۚ فَلَمَّاۤ اَفَلَتْ قَالَ یٰقَوْمِ اِنِّیۡ بَرِیۡٓءٌ مِّمَّا تُشْرِکُوۡنَ - اِنِّیۡ وَجَّہۡتُ وَجْہِیَ لِلَّذِیۡ فَطَرَ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالۡاَرْضَ حَنِیۡفًا وَّمَاۤ اَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِکِیۡنَ ۚ
وَ حَآجَّہٗ قَوْمُہٗ ؕ قَالَ اَتُحٰٓجُّوۡٓنِّیۡ فِی اللہِ وَ قَدْ ہَدٰىنِؕ وَلَاۤ اَخَافُ مَا تُشْرِکُوۡنَ بِہٖۤ اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ یَّشَآءَ رَبِّیۡ شَیْـًٔا ؕ وَسِعَ رَبِّیۡ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ عِلْمًا ؕ اَفَلَا تَتَذَکَّرُوۡنَ -

So when the night became dark upon him he saw a star; he said (to Azar / the people), “(You portray that) this is my Lord?”; then when it set he said, “I do not like the things that set.”
Then when he saw the moon shining, he said, “(You proclaim that) this is my Lord?”; then when it set, he said, “If my Lord had not guided me *, I too would be one of these astray people.” (* Prophet Ibrahim was rightly guided before this event).
Then when he saw the sun shining brightly, he said, “(You say that) this is my Lord? This is the biggest of them all!”; then when it set he said, “O people! I do not have any relation with the whatever you ascribe as partners (to Him).”
“I have directed my attention towards Him Who has created the heavens and the earth, am devoted solely to Him, and am not of the polytheists.”
And his people argued with him; he said, “What! You dispute with me concerning Allah? So He has guided me; and I do not have any fear of whatever you ascribe as partners, except what my Lord wills (to happen); my Lord’s knowledge encompasses all things; so will you not accept advice?”
(Sůrah An’âm, Verse 76-79)

Thus, by virtue of Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) we are made to know that none of the Creations can be Lord; rather, Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ is the One Who created all things and so no Creation or creature ought to be worshipped. Allah reveals in the holy Quran:

لَا تَسْجُدُوۡا لِلشَّمْسِ وَ لَا لِلْقَمَرِ وَ اسْجُدُوۡا لِلہِ الَّذِیۡ خَلَقَہُنَّ اِنۡ کُنۡتُمْ اِیَّاہُ تَعْبُدُوۡنَ
do not prostrate for the sun or the moon, but prostrate for Allah Who has created them, if you are His bondmen.

In addition, we came to know that He (Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ ), the most Beneficent, the most Merciful, exists without being in or at any place and No eye can take hold of His Being. The Being of Allah عَزَّوَجَلّ is beyond intellectual capacity nonetheless He is well-aware of all entities and the things He created. With anybody, He shares none of His characteristics and He solely possesses all these; with anybody, neither does He share any of His commands nor actions nor attributes. He is unrivaled
Alike, the following verse refers to monotheism while depicting His being alone as Lord:
قُلْ ہُوَ اللہُ اَحَدٌ
Proclaim, “He is Allah, He is One.”

One preeminent point that Tauĥĭd (Monotheism) refers to is that Allah عَزَّوَجَلّ has No children Nor wife Nor father Nor mother; as was revealed in Sura Ikhlas:

لَمْ یَلِدْ ۬ۙ وَ لَمْ یُوۡلَدْ وَ لَمْ یَکُنۡ لَّہٗ کُفُوًا اَحَدٌ
He begot none' nor was He begotten. And there is none equal to Him..

It says in Tabrani that He is the biggest and has no abdomen; neither does He eat nor drink. But for Him, everyone and everything is perishable. He plights troth to none; nor is there any woman for Him. He Himself says in Quran:

اَنّٰی یَکُوۡنُ لَہٗ وَلَدٌ وَّ لَمْ تَکُنۡ لَّہٗ صٰحِبَۃٌ
He possibly have a child when, in fact, He does not have a spouse?

All creatures have been created by Him and among all creatures that He created, none can stand equal to Him. In addition, the belief the Believers embrace regarding His attributes is:

ہُوَ اللہُ الْخٰلِقُ الْبَارِئُ الْمُصَوِّرُ لَہُ الْاَسْمَآءُ الْحُسْنٰیؕ یُسَبِّحُ لَہٗ مَا فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الْاَرْضِۚ وَ ہُوَ الْعَزِیۡزُ الْحَکِیۡمُ
It is Allah only, Who is the Creator, the Initiator, the Designer of all – His only are all the good names; all whatever is in the heavens and in the earth proclaims His Purity; and He only is the Most Honourable, the Wise.

Furthermore our credence stands by the subsequent speech:
لَہ مَا فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَمَا فِی الۡاَرْضِ
to Him only belongs all whatever is in the heavens and all whatever is in the earth;

Note that the manufacturer has complete control over the product they produce. Since, everything in this universe is of Allah so it is Him Who controls everything. He has absolute supremacy and authority. As we read in the holy Quran:

اِنَّ اللہَ ہُوَ الرَّزَّاقُ ذُو الْقُوَّۃِ الْمَتِیۡنُ
Undoubtedly, it is only Allah, the Great Provider, the Powerful, the Authoritative.

He is the owner of the sun, the moon, the sky and the earth. And it is in fact the owner whose command is followed. Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ is the one Whose law is to be abided by and He is the one Who will institute the Day of Judgment. He is absolutely Singular (i.e. One). There is No partner of His. Allah عَزَّوَجَلّ is the only Being worthy of worship, He is the Supreme Being Who created the entire cosmos and He rules it inclusively uniquely. There is no similitude to Him and nor is there any second to Him. If truth be told, if anyone seeks to shape some sort of cerebral imagination about Him, they cannot get in touch with triumph since there is nothing like Him and therefore His Being is beyond humans’ discernment. As is in the holy Quran:

لَیۡسَ کَمِثْلِہ شَیۡءٌ ۚ وَ ہُوَ السَّمِیۡعُ الْبَصِیۡرُ
Nothing is Like Him, and He is the All-Hearing, All-seeing.

In view of the fact that, there is likelihood to visualize only an article which is amorphous and Allah is free from any form or shape, on that account, it is not in any case practicable to ascertain any icon of His highest Being. So, His Being comprises Incomprehensibility. The verse in Sura Al-Ana’m says:

لَا تُدْرِکُہُ الۡاَبْصٰرُ۫ وَ ہُوَ یُدْرِکُ الۡاَبْصٰرَۚ وَ ہُوَ اللَّطِیۡفُ الْخَبِیۡرُ
Eyes do not encompass Him - and all eyes are within His domain *; He is the Most Subtle, the Fully Aware. (* Control / knowledge)

The word ‘تُدْرِکُ’ is derived from the word “ادْراک” that means ‘to reach something’ ‘to engulf’ ‘to find’. And the word ‘الۡاَبْصٰرُ۫’ which is the derived unit from “بْصر۫ ” denotes the eyesight power. No eye can encompass the Being of Allah for the reason that His Being has no limit and an eye can only encompass something that is of a limit. The eyes with which the Believers will see Him in the Paradise will of some other nature and kind. Nevertheless, He can encompass the eyesight of all as His excellence is. This indeed declares that every act and the soul of bondmen are in His knowledge; nothing is concealed from Him. The word “لطف” derives from ‘لطِیۡفُ’ and thus designates either veil or softness or politeness; He is merciful to His bondmen and does a lot many favours to them. He cannot be seen but sees everyone and knows everything. Allah has always known everything and that too forever; furthermore, He needs no medium to get the knowledge of things.
Yet, this is under possibility for one to come to know about the existence of His by making the use of reasoning and contemplation over the Creation of His.
The holy verse articulates:

وَمِنْ اٰیٰتِہِ الَّیۡلُ وَ النَّہَارُ وَ الشَّمْسُ وَ الْقَمَرُ
And the night, and the day, and the sun, and the moon are among His signs;

The sun, the moon and the rotation of day and night are indeed a proof that there is Creator of times and that is One by Whose order everything is set on its particular axis and does not slip its routine. It is Him Who created night filled with darkness and day decorated with brightness. The light of the sun and the moon explicitly proclaims that there is One Who created them. How beautifully He has divided the round of a clock into two halves; the dark one and the bright one. This is a real show of His unparalleled supremacy.
Allah, the One Who is the most Gracious and Merciful, deserves all praise. None but Allah alone is the Creator of everything and He is the One Dominant over all. He is dependent on no one; in contrast, everything is dependent on Him. This attribute of His known as Aseity refers to His being so independent.
As has been revealed in holy Quran:

اَللہُ الصَّمَدُ
Allah is the independent. (Perfect, does not require anything.)

Allah is never under anyone’s control; He is the Supreme Sovereign. He is Omnipotent. He is at liberty to do whatever, whenever and however He wills. His potency is beyond comprehension; however, by studying the anecdote in the Holy Qur’ân we learn that an occurrence that apparently seems impossible to come about is possible for Him that He makes it occur. Such as, an infant does not speak but it is Him Who can make even a one day old infant speak. Furthermore, a piece of wood just stays immobile, but by His command even a wood can become so active that it can even swallow anacondas. Likewise, a stone that remains stationary was made to run by the command of His which indeed is also a miracle of Sayyiduna Můsâ (May peace be upon him!). Can a stone run? That’s the question which might emerge in readers’ mind so that the authenticity of this claim can be proved it will be better if the part of the Holy Qur’ân in which this incident has been revealed is cited here:

یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا لَا تَکُوۡنُوۡا کَالَّذِیۡنَ اٰذَوْا مُوۡسٰی فَبَرَّاَہُ اللہُ مِمَّا قَالُوۡا ؕ وَکَانَ عِنۡدَ اللہِ وَجِیۡہًا

'O believers! be not like those who have annoyed Můsâ, then Allah exonerated him of what he spoke of him. And Můsâ is honourable in the sight of Allah.

Since the reader will want this to be elucidated therefore let’s open Tafsir e Sawi. It says in it:
It was the custom among the people of Banĭ Isrâĭl that they used to bathe naked publically. Although Sayyidunâ Můsâ (May peace be upon him!) was a member of the similar society, was born and raised among them, but Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ made him stood on high rank by blessing him with the distinguished status of Prophethood. Thus, Sayyidunâ Můsâ (May peace be upon him!) was absolutely against and fed up with the immodesty of Banĭ Isrâĭl. He would either bathe in isolation or by covering his body with a sheet. When Banĭ Isrâĭl saw that he never bathed nude, the wicked people accused that he suffered from white marks of leprosy on his privates or had some defect in his (blessed) body that’s why he concealed his body. The wicked people openly announced this accusation so much that there was not a corner to which the rumors about Sayyidunâ Můsâ (May peace be upon him!) had not reached. He suffered from a great deal grief and went sad because of having been accused. But how Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ could leave His beloved and esteemed prophet, who was His Kalĭm, in such state of grief? Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ created means for Sayyidunâ Můsâ (May peace be upon him!) to get free from such accusation and his purity got declared at last. What happened that once Sayyidunâ Můsâ (May peace be upon him!) went to a hidden spring of water in the midst of mountains to take a bath. After making sure that there was no human far and wide, he placed his sanctified clothes on a stone and began bathing without clothes. After he finished bathing, he returned to the stone so as to wear his clothes. But what he saw that the stone, gripping his clothes, was running away. Upon seeing this Sayyidunâ Můsâ (May peace be upon him!) also ran after it, saying [O stone, my clothes! O stone, my clothes!] but the stone continued to run. It ran and ran until it entered the main avenues of the city and ultimately while running it came to the small alleys of the city. Sayyidunâ Můsâ (May peace be upon him!) , having no clothes on , kept on chasing the stone. As a consequence, the people of Banĭ Isrâĭl witnessed that the blessed body of Sayyidunâ Můsâ (May peace be upon him!) from head to toe was pure from any sort of defect. So, they all said, “By Lord, Můsâ is flawless!”

The same we find even in Sahih Al-Bukhari Volume IV:
حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ، عَنِ الحَسَنِ، وَمُحَمَّدٍ، وَخِلاَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ مُوسَى كَانَ رَجُلًا حَيِيًّا سِتِّيرًا، لاَ يُرَى مِنْ جِلْدِهِ شَيْءٌ اسْتِحْيَاءً مِنْهُ، فَآذَاهُ مَنْ آذَاهُ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَقَالُوا: مَا يَسْتَتِرُ هَذَا التَّسَتُّرَ، إِلَّا مِنْ عَيْبٍ بِجِلْدِهِ: إِمَّا بَرَصٌ وَإِمَّا أُدْرَةٌ: وَإِمَّا آفَةٌ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُبَرِّئَهُ مِمَّا قَالُوا لِمُوسَى، فَخَلاَ يَوْمًا وَحْدَهُ، فَوَضَعَ ثِيَابَهُ عَلَى الحَجَرِ، ثُمَّ اغْتَسَلَ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَقْبَلَ إِلَى ثِيَابِهِ لِيَأْخُذَهَا، وَإِنَّ الحَجَرَ عَدَا بِثَوْبِهِ، فَأَخَذَ مُوسَى عَصَاهُ وَطَلَبَ الحَجَرَ، فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: ثَوْبِي حَجَرُ، ثَوْبِي حَجَرُ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى مَلَإٍ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، فَرَأَوْهُ عُرْيَانًا أَحْسَنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ، وَأَبْرَأَهُ مِمَّا يَقُولُونَ، وَقَامَ الحَجَرُ، فَأَخَذَ ثَوْبَهُ فَلَبِسَهُ، وَطَفِقَ بِالحَجَرِ ضَرْبًا بِعَصَاهُ، فَوَاللَّهِ إِنَّ بِالحَجَرِ لَنَدَبًا مِنْ أَثَرِ ضَرْبِهِ، ثَلاَثًا أَوْ أَرْبَعًا أَوْ خَمْسًا، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاَ تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ آذَوْا مُوسَى فَبَرَّأَهُ اللَّهُ مِمَّا قَالُوا وَكَانَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَجِيهًا "

This is the strength given by Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ to a stone that made it be capable of running. A stone which can’t move even an inch gained the strength to run that too far long.
Dear readers! Do you think if a dead cock can speak or a dead pigeon can fly or a dead peacock can walk? Of course, having sense doesn’t allow us to expect any of these. Yet you’ll find a dead bird flying if you study a Qur’ânic anecdote that demonstrates another show of His potency; the incident revealed in the Holy Qur’ân is in Surah Baqarah, verse # 260:

وَ اِذْ قَالَ اِبْرٰہٖمُ رَبِّ اَرِنِیۡ کَیۡفَ تُحْیِ الْمَوْتٰیؕ قَالَ اَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِنۡؕ قَالَ بَلٰی وَلٰکِنْ لِّیَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِیۡؕ قَالَ فَخُذْ اَرْبَعَۃً مِّنَ الطَّیۡرِ فَصُرْہُنَّ اِلَیۡکَ ثُمَّ اجْعَلْ عَلٰی کُلِّ جَبَلٍ مِّنْہُنَّ جُزْءًا ثُمَّ ادْعُہُنَّ یَاۡتِیۡنَکَ سَعْیًاؕ وَاعْلَمْ اَنَّ اللہَ عَزِیۡزٌ حَکِیۡمٌ

And when Ibrahim submitted, 'O my Lord, show me how You shall give life to the dead.' Said He, 'do you not believe.' Submitted he, 'why not, but I like that my heart may be at rest. 'Said He, 'then well, taking four birds, make them familiar to you, then put a part of each of them on each hill, thereafter call them, they will come to you running with their feet. And know that Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ is Mighty, Wise.

Once Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) said in the reverential court of Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ , “O Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ , show me how you will resurrect the dead.” Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ said, ‘Ibrâhĭm, don’t you have faith in it?’ Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) said, “Why not! Although I believe in it nonetheless I wish to observe this display with my eyes so that my heart receives serenity.” Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ then said, ‘Raise four birds and nourish them well by feeding them abundantly, then slaughter them and make minced meat from their flesh and place little portions of each on top of some mountains in the surroundings. Then call upon these birds, those birds will come back to life and rush to you and thus you will witness the spectacle of renaissance of dead with your own eyes.’ Therefore, Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) raised four birds; a cock, a crow, a peacock and a pigeon, or a vulture as is reported on dissension basis in different exegesis. He raised them for a certain period of time whilst nourishing and taming them well. Then he slaughtered them. Keeping their heads with himself and mincing their meat, placed little parts of each on the surrounding mountains. Standing at a distant point, he then called those birds by their names while exclaiming: O cock! O pigeon! O vulture! O peacock! The meat from the mountains started soaring up into the air and on the call given by the true Prophet the meat of each bird, flesh, bones and feathers assembled, individually and then all four birds became formed as similarly as they were and they, being headless, rushed to Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) where they connected to their own individual heads, and then they started to take cereal and chirp in their own language. This was how Sayyidunâ Ibrâhĭm (May peace be upon him!) witnessed the demonstration of the revival of the dead that’ll take place on Day of Reckoning; how superb the grace of Allah is!
An unexpected occurrence is possible to ensue if Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ commands; such as running of the stone and revival of dead birds as we’ve just learnt from the Qur’ânic anecdotes.
The creation of human being is itself a marvelous illustration of the unmatchable strength of Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ . A scientific research makes us learn that a human is incredible composite of an assortment of apposite and opposite constituents. The first man created physically was Sayyidunâ Adam (May peace be upon him!). This Creation of Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ, Sayyidunâ Adam (May peace be upon him!) proclaims the immensely majestic might of Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ . A human takes birth after the process of copulating between a male and female. How superb His potency is that He depends on none. Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ is the one who created Sayyidatunâ Haw’wa without she was given birth by a female and thus she was the first lady to come in the world; she took birth from the left rib of Sayyidunâ Adam (May peace be upon him!). And even Sayyidunâ Adam (May peace be upon him!) came into the world without the natural attempt made by a male in form copulation with a female nor was he given birth by any female; he was created with clay by Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ. Great excellence of potency of His! Verily, we read in the holy Qur’ân:

اللہُ خٰلِقُ کُلِّ شَیۡءٍ وَّہُوَ الْوٰحِدُ الْقَہّٰرُ
'Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ alone is the Creator of everything and He is the One Dominant over all.'

However, Tafsĭr -e- Kabĭr presents the commentary on the 25th verse of Surâh Kahaf:
انہ تعالی قادر علی کل الممکنات
He has power over everything; no possibility is out of His power.

Hence, the power of Allah does not consist of anything that is ‘impossible to exist’; such as, the existence of another God is impossible thus the belief ‘The existence of another God is not impossible.’ refers to the denial of Oneness of Allah. Similarly, the transience is impossible for Him; He is immortal. Believing that ‘His mortality is under His power and thus is possible’ will gainsay the logic; that is, he who is possible to be mortal cannot be God. Hence, to believe an impracticable thing to be beneath His clout is indeed denial to His being as Lord. With regard to His being the Creator, in holy Quran it was revealed as well:

ذٰلِکُمُ اللہُ رَبُّکُمْ ۚ لَاۤ اِلٰہَ اِلَّا ہُوَۚ خٰلِقُ کُلِّ شَیۡءٍ فَاعْبُدُوۡہُ ۚ وَ ہُوَ عَلٰی کُلِّ شَیۡءٍ وَّکِیۡلٌ
Such is Allah, your Lord; and none is worthy of worship except Him; the Creator of all things - therefore worship Him; and He is the Trustee over all things

This is the Grace of Allah that His Being is beyond understanding of His men yet His blessing’s always near to them. He introduces His Grace by mentioning His trait here. The knowledge of the Being of Lord is of two types. One is that He is recognized by seeing the universal objects like the sun and the moon and thus is called M’raifat-e-Tauhid (the knowledge of monotheism); the other is M’arifat-e-Iman (the knowledge of Faith) which one gains by means of His prophets. Note that, the word “ اِلٰہ ” doesn’t refer to ‘the every single entity who is worshipped’; [like, some people worship idols and some other universal objects so their act of worshipping doesn’t make such objects to be the one called “ اِلٰہ ”] yet, this specific word refers to ‘the One Who originally and solely deserves to be worshipped’ and it is only Allah. Each and every miniature object as well as the gigantic one found in this universe has been created by none but Allah. The terminology ‘worship’ signifies to the action of ‘showing such humbleness that one does not demonstrate to anyone’ therefore it is only Allah to whom such humbleness has to be shown and hence it will be called worship.
As regards the rest part of the verse mentioned right at the beginning, the phrase “اَلْحَیُّ الْقَیُّوۡمُ” refers to His mortality; He is Alive eternally, on His own and is the Sustainer of others. It is Him who causes others to be; no one causes Him to be. His characteristics reach to such acme of excellence which has no limit; nor ending.
{Part 3, Chapter 2, Section 34, verse 255}
And it is Him Who can give life to whomever He wills that too whenever; and can cease their life whenever He wills. As the holy verse says:

وَاللہُ یُحْیٖ وَیُمِیۡتُ
and Allah gives life and causes death;
{Part 4, Chapter 3, Section 17, verse 156}

As is the component in the fourth Article of Faith recited by Muslims:
یحی و یمیت وھو حئ لایموت ابدا ابدا

Therefore we believe that He is Alive on his own and He gives life to whomsoever and whatsoever, whenever He wants; in addition, He gives demise to whomsoever and whatsoever, whenever He wants. He has been forever and will remain forever; death will never meet him. As regards attributes, one of His attributes is of much significance that He is ‘Wâjib-ul-Wůjůd’ which means that His existence is necessary at all times. Why this point is of enormous worth because not believing Him to be in existence all the times makes one suffer from the offense of Polytheism which is also caused if one believes someone Eternal (al-Qadim) other than Allah or if they believe that He is not Eternal (al-Qadim). Believing any being other than Him to be worthy of worship also leads one to Polytheism. One must believe that ''He begot none nor was He begotten'' so that one keeps themself from Polytheism.
As far as His commands, will and promises are concerned, His excellence is:

فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا یُرِیۡدُ ؕ
The Doer of whatever He wills.

Those, who are the true believers, believe in Qur’ânic teachings with their eyes closed. The Holy Qur’ân has stated the sign of the Believers in these words:

الَّذِیۡنَ یُؤْمِنُوۡنَ بِالْغَیۡبِ
Those who believe without seeing (the hidden),

Since, Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ is the Lord thus His command is to be acted upon without a second thought so the one who evades abiding by His command meets malfunction and devastation. Such is the case of Satan who contested the command of Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ hence did not obey the command which had been given to all angels too that they were supposed to fall prostrate facing Sayyidunâ Adam (May peace be upon him!). All angels complied with the command but Satan being conceited didn’t conform to the command as a consequence he was expelled from the court of Allah عَزَّوَجَلَّ and was cursed forever; those who follow him will merit entering the Hell. Allah عَزَّوَجَلّ says in the holy Qur’ân:

قَالَ مَا مَنَعَکَ اَلَّا تَسْجُدَ اِذْ اَمَرْتُکَ ؕ قَالَ اَنَا خَیۡرٌ مِّنْہُ ۚ خَلَقْتَنِیۡ مِنۡ نَّارٍ وَّ خَلَقْتَہٗ مِنۡ طِیۡنٍ ﴿۱۲﴾ قَالَ فَاہۡبِطْ مِنْہَا فَمَا یَکُوۡنُ لَکَ اَنۡ تَتَکَبَّرَ فِیۡہَا فَاخْرُجْ اِنَّکَ مِنَ الصّٰغِرِیۡنَ ﴿۱۳﴾ قَالَ اَنۡظِرْنِیۡۤ اِلٰی یَوْمِ یُبْعَثُوۡنَ ﴿۱۴﴾ قَالَ اِنَّکَ مِنَ المُنۡظَرِیۡنَ ﴿۱۵﴾ قَالَ فَبِمَاۤ اَغْوَیۡتَنِیۡ لَاَقْعُدَنَّ لَہُمْ صِرٰطَکَ الْمُسْتَقِیۡمَ ﴿ۙ۱۶﴾ ثُمَّ لَاٰتِیَنَّہُمۡ مِّنۡۢ بَیۡنِ اَیۡدِیۡہِمْ وَ مِنْ خَلْفِہِمْ وَعَنْ اَیۡمٰنِہِمْ وَعَنۡ شَمَآئِلِہِمْ ؕ وَلَا تَجِدُ اَکْثَرَہُمْ شٰکِرِیۡنَ ﴿۱۷﴾ قَالَ اخْرُجْ مِنْہَا مَذْءُوۡمًا مَّدْحُوۡرًا ؕ لَمَنۡ تَبِعَکَ مِنْہُمْ لَاَمْلَـَٔنَّ جَہَنَّمَ مِنۡکُمْ اَجْمَعِیۡنَ

Said Allah, "What prevented you, that you did not prostrate when I commanded you?" Answered Iblis, "I am better than him; You created me from fire whereas You created him from clay." Said Allah, "Therefore go down from here - it does not befit you to stay here and be proud - exit, you are of the degraded." He said, "Give me respite till the day when people will be resurrected." Said Allah, "You are given respite." He said, "Hence I swear by the fact that You sent me astray, I will certainly lay in wait for them on Your Straight Path." "Then I will certainly approach them - from their front and from behind them and from their right and from their left; and You will find most of them not thankful." He said, "Exit from here, rejected, outcast; indeed whoever among them follows your bidding, I will fill hell with all of you."

Scholars say that it was egotism that made Satan go astray therefore this anecdote carries a kind of tutorial stuff for us that we must not be conceited of our worship. We’re not supposed to be arrogant for whatever knowledge we have. We also come to know that one must always be on the alert to the tricks of Satan who definitely efforts to delude humans into committing wrongs; we must shun being on the journey to the evil path towards which Satan misleads humans. Human can be grasped by Satan to indecency; since a human is in scarce of immaculateness.

To conclude it can be said that inadequacy in His being is entirely not possible; since, His trait is the Impeccability; defectiveness, impertinence and indecency are the traits which not at all are any of His attributes.

Muhammad Zeeshan Siddique
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