How did we get The Quran?

(Naila Rafi Kirmani, Toronto )

ALLAH’s greatest favour to the mankind is his guidance contained in the Books of revelation. The pure, The Perfect and the most useful knowledge come only from ALLAH, The Wisest and The Greatest.
(2:146-147, 4:163, 53: 1-6)

As a Muslim we believe on all revealed books of ALLAH (SWT).The holy Quran is the only Universal Book that has remained unchanged in the past fourteen hundred years. It has ALLAH’s Message in clear Arabic that is valid for all times and conditions. The other holy books, which revealed on other Prophets before Muhammad (pbuh), had lost the original message of ALLAH, by their followers. ALLAH (SWT) has taken the responsibility to protect Quran Himself. ALLAH (SWT) says in Quran Surely We have revealed the Reminder and We will most surely be its guardian.
(Sura Al-Hijr ,15:09)

The Theme of the Quran
The main topic of The Holy Quran is the “man (human), and his ultimate goals in life. ”It contains principles, ideas, and directions about all areas of human activities as well as life after death. Quran speaks to all of mankind on a general basis without regard to race, tribe, color, social position, financial condition or genealogy. The theme of The Quran has consists of three important dimensions that teach us basic beliefs; Tawhid (oneness of ALLAH) , Risalah ( Prophets of ALLAH), and Akhira (Day of Judgment, and life after death). It neither condemns nor tortures the flesh nor does it neglect the soul. It does not humanize God, nor does it deify man. Everything is carefully placed where it belongs in the total scheme of creation.

The Quran also lays a heavy emphasis upon reason and understanding. In these spheres of human understanding, the Quran goes beyond just satisfying the human intellect; it causes one to reflect on implications. There are Quranic challenges and prophecies. One of the most exciting fields in recent years has been the discovery that, of the significant amount of scientific information in the Quran, including the event of the Big Bang, embryological data, and other information concerning astronomy biology, etc., there is not a single statement that has not been borne out by modern discoveries In short, the Quran fulfills the heart, the soul, and the mind.

Interesting Statistics of The Quran
The Quran has thirty parts, (paray or Ajza), 114 chapters (Surahs) and 6236 verses (Ayatain or Ayah). The longest chapter of the Quran is Suratul-Baqarah with 286 verses and the shortest surah is Suratul-Kawther (Kosar) which has just three verses. The chapters that revealed when the Prophet Muhammad was living in Makkah are known as Makki and those revealed in Madinah are called Madni. The Quran was revealed over a period of 22 years 5 months and 14 days. The first revelation was sent on Muhammad in 610 CE, and it was Suratul- Alaq. The last verse that was revealed in 632 CE, shortly before the demise of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is the third verse of Suratul- Ma’aida,
This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islâm as your religion. (5:3)

How Quran was recorded
Scholars refer Quran as a Miracle, which was sent down on Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) over the twenty three years, through Angel Jirbra’il. Prophet Muhammad, who didn’t aware of reading and writing skills used to memorize ALLAH’s messages (Surahs). He made it sure that every revelation (Wahee) was recorded in his own supervision, right away, word by word and without any single mistake. Prophet’s secretary, Zaid Bin Thabit (Sabit – RA) used to record Surahs exactly as the prophet (pbuh) told him. He would read back to him what he had recorded. It is a miracle that after fourteen hundred years no one can prove a single dot that had been changed.

The Quran from a Heart to Hearts
The Muslims, who memorized The Quran by heart in early days, were called Hafiz-Quran. More important though, there were at that time, tens of thousands of his companions ("Sahabi" in Arabic) who memorized the complete Quran from the instruction of the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Even the prophet himself (peace be upon him) used to recite it with angel Gabriel once a year and in the last year of his life he recited it two times just before the month in which he died. Today, thousands and thousand of Huffaz (plural of Hafiz) are reciting Quran all over the world.

The Compilation of the Quran
After the demise of the last prophet in 632 (CE), it became extremely important to compile all of the Surahs and Ayah in one volume. Muhammad’s (pbuh) best friend (Sahabi) Umar (RA), suggested to Khalifa (predecessor of the Prophet)) Abu Bakr (RA) to do so. Up to then, the Quran was written down in pieces in order as they were revealed. A committee was formed under Zaid Bin Thabit (RA) to collect the scattered material of Quran to form it as a book. After careful checking and rechecking the work was completed.

After Khalifa Abu Bakr’s demise, Umar (RA) became Khalifa; he kept the copy of Quran with Hafsah (RA) the widow of Prophet (pbuh). Later on many schools were formed to teach the Quran throughout the Muslim territories.

The Quran and its final standard form
As the Islam spread to more parts of the world, Muslims in various places recited it in their local dialect and there arose a possibility of confusion and misunderstanding. To avoid this, the third Khalifa Uthman (Usman-RA) ordered the preparation of one standard version of Quran to be written in the dialect of the Quraish. The prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was from the Quraish tribe, so it was felt that this was the right dialect for recitation of the Quran. This time Copies of revised and standard Quran were sent to the different parts of the world with a teacher to teach how to recite Quran correctly. It made possible the uniform recitation of the Quran.

Two original copies made in Khalifa Usman (RA) are still exists today, one in Istanbul (Turkey) and the other at Tashkent (Russia). One photocopy of it can be found in The National Library of Karachi, in Pakistan.

The Best Description of The Quran
Hazrat Ali (RadiALLAH Anhu), the cousin of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said about Quran
"The Book of God. In it is the record of what was before you, the judgment of what is among you, and the prophecies of what will come after you. It is decisive, not a case for levity. Whoever is a tyrant and ignores the Quran will be destroyed by God. Whoever seeks guidance from other than it will be misguided. The Quran is the unbreakable bond of connection with God; it is the remembrance full of wisdom and the straight path. The Quran does not become distorted by tongues, nor can it be deviated by caprices; it never dulls from repeated study; scholars will always want more of it. The wonders of the Quran are never ending. Whoever speaks from it will speak the truth, whoever rules with it will be just, and whoever holds fast to it will be guided to the straight path."
[At-Tirmidhi – Tirmizi]]


The Quran on the Quran
“Hence, indeed, We made this Quran easy to bear in mind: who, then, is willing to take it to heart.” (Quran 54:17, 22, 32, 40 [self repeating])
“Will they not meditate on the Quran, or are there locks on the hearts?” (Quran 47:24)
“Surely this Quran guides to that which is most upright and gives good news to the believers who do good works that they shall have a great reward.” (Quran 17:9)
“Surely We have revealed the Reminder (Quran) and We will most certainly guard it (from corruption).” (Quran 15:9)
“Praise be to God Who has revealed the Book (Quran) to His slave (Muhammad) and has not placed therein any crookedness.” (Quran 18:1)
“And certainly We have explained in this Quran every kind of example; and man is most of all given to contention. And nothing prevents men from believing when the guidance comes to him, and asking forgiveness of their Lord, except that what happened to the ancients should overtake them, or that the chastisement should come face to face with them.” (Quran 18:54-55)
“And We reveal (stage by stage) of the Quran that which is a healing and a mercy for believers and to the unjust it causes nothing but loss after loss.” (Quran 17:82)
“And if you are in doubt concerning that which We reveal unto Our slave (Muhammad) then produce a Surah (chapter) of the like thereof, and call your witnesses besides God if you are truthful.” (Quran 2:23)
“And this Quran is not such as could be forged by those besides God, but it is a verification ( of revelations) that went before it and a fuller explanation of the Book – there is no doubt – from the Lord of the Worlds.” (Quran 10:37)
“So when you recite the Quran, seek refuge in God from Satan the Outcast.” (Quran 16:98)

https://www.ALLAHsquran.com/
At –Tirmidhi
Al-Quran
Islam Guide and Teachings
by Ghulam Sarwar.

 

Naila Rafi Kirmani
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